ENZYMES
Chemical reactions in the body are facilitated with the help of organic catalyst known as enzymes. They are necessary for the metabolic pathways in a body like indigestion, respiration and other essential processes of life. Homeostasis is maintained when the function of enzymes works correctly. But it can lead to a disease if the enzyme lacks or has an irregular shape because of genetic mutation in the organism. Enzymes work with the molecule called substrate. On enzyme, this substrate is bind to a region called an active site.
They are proteins and speed of chemical reactions is controlled by them in the body. Without them, the chemical reactions would be slow to keep living organisms alive. Some enzymes like in the gut are used for breaking down the large molecule into the small molecules. Enzymes that are used to make DNA, build complex large molecules by using small molecules. They help the cell to interconnect with other cells and also keep the cells growth.
Enzymes that are produced internally are metabolic enzymes. Their responsibility is to run in the body in the blood, organ and tissue level. Metabolic enzymes are required for the new cells growth. They also maintain and repair the tissues and organs of the body. Metabolic enzymes transform the fat, protein and carbohydrates into proper working tissues and cells. Worn-out materials are removed by the metabolic enzymes from the cells and keep them healthy and clean. (Perfect Health Now, n.d) Metabolic enzymes are indispensable to life. Bodies would not work without the metabolic enzymes. Their other chores are turning phosphorus into the bone and attach the iron to the red blood cells. They also heal wounds, think, and make a heartbeat. They are also involved in the detoxification and production of energy.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
In Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), three phosphate groups are bonded in a row with the adenosine molecule. During the process of cellular respiration, the chemical energy in food is transformed into the energy that a cell can use. This energy is stored in the ATP molecules. It happens when an ADP (adenosine diphosphate) molecule, use the released energy to make the bond with the third group of phosphate during the cellular respiration and becomes a molecule of an ATP. From this cellular respiration, energy is stored between the bond of second and third groups of Adenosine triphosphate. The third phosphate group of ATP is lost when the energy is needed by the cell to do work. As the energy is released, this is stored in the bond and becomes ADP again.
Phosphate has a vital role in storing and releasing the energy. It is one of the core building blocks which are used to construct an ATP. Phosphates are high energy molecules; this means that the released energy is comparatively of high level when phosphate groups from ATP are removed. ATP is known as a primary energy molecule of the cell. From the simplest to most intricate lives, this compound ATP molecule is crucial for all. For the existence of life on earth, ATP is one of those millions of many complicated Nanomachines that must be designed. ATP is an excellent example of the irreducible complexity as it is important even for the survival of the simplest form of the life.
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